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Debrief · 2020 cycle
The 2020 Debrief · post-mortem · permanent archive

How did the polling industry do this cycle?

The 2020 industry MAE landed at 6.0pt — graded across 516 historical races with a known outcome — and 215 polls were analyzed across 92 pollsters. Signed bias −5.74pt: pollsters again systematically over-predicted Democrats.

INDUSTRY MAE
6.0pt
vs midterm avg
SIGNED BIAS
−5.74pt
D-leaning
POLLS · POLLSTERS
215
92 firms
RACES SCORED
516
w/ known outcome
CYCLE200220042006200820102012201420162018202020222024
Industry mean absolute error · 2002–2020
20024.0pt20044.5pt20065.5pt20084.3pt20105.2pt20124.7pt20144.8pt20166.8pt20184.5pt20206.0pt20224.6pt20244.1ptMAE · 2-WAY MARGIN
PoliAgg model · self-grade · 2020

How did our own production model do this cycle? The model issues one prediction per race; the polling industry above is averaged across many polls per race. Metrics are not directly comparable but published side-by-side for transparency.

Mean error per race
11.24pp
poliagg-v16 ensemble vs final margin
Call accuracy
94.2%
fraction with right winner called
Races graded
464
outcomes used in the grade
Per-pollster scorecard · 2020 · sorted by MAE
Signed bias · ±8.7pt
MAE · 0–8.7pt
civiqsdaily-kos
−3.98pt
4.4pt
yougovumass-lowell
−4.58pt
4.6pt
gravis-marketing
−4.84pt
4.8pt
ipsosreuters
−4.95pt
5.0pt
emerson-college
−4.86pt
5.0pt
mitchell-research
−4.99pt
5.0pt
change-researchcnbc
−5.07pt
5.1pt
morning-consult
−5.04pt
5.4pt
cygnal
−6.09pt
6.1pt
cnnssrs
−6.24pt
6.2pt
data-for-progress
−6.26pt
6.3pt
citizen-data
−6.57pt
6.6pt
public-policy-polling
−8.15pt
8.2pt
Biggest-miss races · 2020
RaceExpectedActualMissDirection
us-senate-2020-meD+3.00R+8.59-11.6ptD-overestimate
us-senate-2020-kyR+10.00R+19.53-9.5ptR-margin underestimate
us-senate-2020-mtR+1.00R+10.02-9.0ptR-margin underestimate
us-senate-2020-alR+12.00R+20.36-8.4ptR-margin underestimate
us-senate-2020-scR+2.00R+10.27-8.3ptR-margin underestimate
us-senate-2020-njD+24.00D+16.31-7.7ptD-margin overestimate
us-senate-2020-iaD+1.00R+6.59-7.6ptD-overestimate
us-senate-2020-ilD+23.50D+16.06-7.4ptD-margin overestimate